Comparison of the application methods and effects of skin flaps in the repair of defects in different parts of the nose according to the concept of aesthetic nosesubunits / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the difference of application methods and effects of local flap in small and medium-sized defects of different aesthetic subunits of nose, in order to provide reference for clinical work. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 59 patients with external nasal masses and scars who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from July 1, 2021 to January 30, 2022, including 27 females and 32 males, aged 15 to 69 years. Using Likert scale, the repair methods and effects of local flap for nasal soft tissue defects were evaluated and summarized from three aspects of texture, flatness and scar concealment. GraphPad Prism 5.0 software was used for data statistics and analysis. Results: The use of skin flaps to repair small and medium-sized areas of the nose could achieve satisfactory results. For patients with different subunits, in terms of skin flatness and scar concealment degree in the operation area, patients' satisfaction with the dorsal and lateral nasal areas was higher than that of the alar and tip areas, respectively (F=6.40, P=0.001; F=10.57, P<0.001). For patients with different skin flap repair methods, the satisfaction of patients with Z-plasty and Dufourmentel skin flap was higher than that of other skin flap repair methods (F=4.38, P=0.002), and the satisfaction of patients with Dufourmentel skin flap was the highest in the degree of scar concealment (F=2.57, P=0.038). Conclusions: In the small and medium-sized defects of the nose, the use of multiple local flaps can achieve good cosmetic effects and functional recovery. The operator should select the appropriate flap repair method according to the characteristics of different aesthetic subunits of the nose.

Key Points and Strategies of Textual Research in Development of Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Textual research is the first step, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the clinical application, and also one of the main bases for determining the research scheme and experimental parameters in the development of famous classical formulas. It involves the origin and historical evolution of the prescription, the main function, the meaning of the prescription, the decoction method, as well as the original part, origin, dosage, processing method of the medicinal materials in the prescription. In view of these points, the author believes that the ancient and modern literature information should be comprehensively and accurately collected according to the standardized procedures and methods, combined with the historical continuation and cross-sectional analysis, in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) famous classical formulas. The research and development plan of famous classical formulas was formulated from the perspectives of TCM theoretical characteristics, formula historical evolution, modern clinical value and practical feasibility. Under the premise of "compliance with the ancients", we should understand the common problems in the process of research and development, such as the origin, processing, dosage and decoction of TCM from the perspective of history and development, so as to widely gather the industry consensus and jointly explore the precious treasure of the famous classical formulas.

Effect of RNA interference on WD101 gene of Schistosoma japonicum

Objective: To study the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on WD101 gene and its effect on the expression of WD101 mRNA and protein in Schistosoma japonicum. Methods: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) WD101 gene and control gene (lacZ) were generated by in vitro transcription and transfected into mechanically transformed schistosomula. The total RNA and protein were isolated simultaneously using TRIzol reagent. The expression levels of mRNA and the protein were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. After injected dsRNA-electroporated schistosomula into BALB/c mouse six weeks, the male and female reproductive organs were observed and measured under the confocal laser scanning microscope. Results: After 1, 3 and 5 d of RNAi, WD101 mRNA level was decreased by 15%, 39%, and 58% in experiment group compared to that in control group; meanwhile, WD101 protein level was decreased by 11%, 28%, and 43% in experiment group compared to that in control group. There were significantly more sperms in testicular lobes in experiment group than that in control group, while there were no significant differences in terms of ovary and vitelline glands between two groups. Conclusions: The dsWD101-RNAi can effectively induce suppression of WD101 gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels. WD101 gene might be a reproduction-related gene in Schistosoma japonicum.

Effect of RNA interference on WD101 gene of Schistosoma japonicum

Objective:To study the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on WD101 gene and its effect on the expression of WD101 mRNA and protein in Schistosoma japonicum.Methods:Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) WD101 gene and control gene (lacZ) were generated by in vitro transcription and transfected into mechanically transformed schistosomula. The total RNA and protein were isolated simultaneously using TRIzol reagent. The expression levels of mRNA and the protein were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. After injected dsRNA-electroporated schistosomula into BALB/c mouse six weeks, the male and female reproductive organs were observed and measured under the confocal laser scanning microscope.Results:After 1, 3 and 5 d of RNAi, WD101 mRNA level was decreased by 15%, 39%, and 58% in experiment group compared to that in control group; meanwhile, WD101 protein level was decreased by 11%, 28%, and 43% in experiment group compared to that in control group. There were significantly more sperms in testicular lobes in experiment group than that in control group, while there were no significant differences in terms of ovary and vitelline glands between two groups.Conclusions:The dsWD101-RNAi can effectively induce suppression of WD101 gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels. WD101 gene might be a reproduction-related gene in Schistosoma japonicum.

HPV16 E5 peptide vaccine in treatment of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Despite the encouraging development of the preventive vaccine for HPV, a vaccine for both prevention and therapy or pre-cancerous lesions remains in high priority. Thus far, most of the HPV therapeutic vaccines are focused on HPV E6 and E7 oncogene. However these vaccines could not completely eradicate the lesions. Recently, HPV E5, which is considered as an oncogene, is getting more and more attention. In this study, we predicted the epitopes of HPV16 E5 by bioinformatics as candidate peptide, then, evaluated the efficacy and chose an effective one to do the further test. To evaluate the effect of vaccine, rTC-1 (TC-1 cells infected by rAAV-HPV16E5) served as cell tumor model and rTC-1 loading mice as an ectopic tumor model. We prepared vaccine by muscle injection. The vaccine effects were determined by evaluating the function of tumor-specific T cells by cell proliferation assay and ELISPOT, calculating the tumor volume in mice and estimating the survival time of mice. Our in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that injection of E5 peptide+CpG resulted in strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and protected mice from tumor growth, meanwhile, prolonged the survival time after tumor cell loading. This study provides new insights into HPV16 E5 as a possible target on the therapeutic strategies about cervical cancer.

HPV16 E5 peptide vaccine in treatment of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Despite the encouraging development of the preventive vaccine for HPV, a vaccine for both prevention and therapy or pre-cancerous lesions remains in high priority. Thus far, most of the HPV therapeutic vaccines are focused on HPV E6 and E7 oncogene. However these vaccines could not completely eradicate the lesions. Recently, HPV E5, which is considered as an oncogene, is getting more and more attention. In this study, we predicted the epitopes of HPV16 E5 by bioinformatics as candidate peptide, then, evaluated the efficacy and chose an effective one to do the further test. To evaluate the effect of vaccine, rTC-1 (TC-1 cells infected by rAAV-HPV16E5) served as cell tumor model and rTC-1 loading mice as an ectopic tumor model. We prepared vaccine by muscle injection. The vaccine effects were determined by evaluating the function of tumor-specific T cells by cell proliferation assay and ELISPOT, calculating the tumor volume in mice and estimating the survival time of mice. Our in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that injection of E5 peptide+CpG resulted in strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and protected mice from tumor growth, meanwhile, prolonged the survival time after tumor cell loading. This study provides new insights into HPV16 E5 as a possible target on the therapeutic strategies about cervical cancer.

Therapeutic effects of levetiracetam on electrical status epilepticus during sleep in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) in the treatment of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 27 children who were newly diagnosed with ESES and treated with LEV between August 2009 and March 2011 and who were followed up for at least 6 months were retrospectively studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The onset age of the 27 children ranged from 9 months to 9 years and 7 months. Partial motion seizures were found in 81% of the children in the early stage. Twenty-three children received LEV treatment after ESES was definitely diagnosed. Of the 23 children, 19 were diagnosed as epilepsy syndrome of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT). The age of the patients at the beginning of LEV treatment ranged from 1 year and 8 months to 11 years and 9 months. The follow- up duration was 7 to 19 months. The effective rate of LEV for seizure control was 82% and for EEG recovery it was 78% (P<0.05). The other 4 children received LEV treatment before the occurrence of ESES. Seizure control and EEG recovery were noted in two of the 4 children.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LEV treatment is efficacious, to some extent, for both seizure control and EEG recovery in children with ESES.</p>

Pregnancy estrogen drives the changes of T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokines and prolongs the survival of H-Y skin graft in murine model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Estrogen as well as CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells were shown to have a protective role not only in maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance but also against autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate whether the pregnancy levels of estrogen are enough to induce transplant tolerance as to maintain fetal-maternal tolerance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We established H-Y skin graft transplantation in C57BL/6 ovariectomized mice that reconstituted with estrogen. Subsequently, consecutive daily estrogen injection was administrated. Tregs and the cytokines in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA pre- and post-transplant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results indicated that pregnancy levels of estrogen could promote Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral blood (P < 0.05) but not thymus (P > 0.05). The estrogen-treated recipients accepted H-Y skin grafts for more than 35 days (median survival time (MST): (44.0 ± 1.2) days) compared with estrogen-untreated mice (MST: (23.0 ± 1.6) days) (P < 0.05). It was also observed that estrogen up-regulated the expression of Foxp3, but did not affect CD3(+)CD8(+) effector T-cells in non-transplant mice. While in the presence of H-Y antigens, the expression of Foxp3 was more significant and CD3(+)CD8(+) effector T cells were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the up-regulated IL-10 and IL-4, and down-regulated IFN-γ could be observed (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pregnancy levels of estrogen may promote the conversion of peripheral Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs, but show no effect on the natural Tregs production, differentiation and maturity in central lymphoid organs. Furthermore, pregnancy levels of estrogen could significantly prolong the survivals of H-Y skin grafts by the expansion of Tregs, suppression of CD3(+)CD8(+) effector T-cells and immune shift towards Th2 cytokines.</p>

Effect of the tumescent infiltration solution temperature on body temperature / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of tumescent infiltration solution temperature on core body temperature after liposuction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>15 healthy female subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive tumescent infiltration solution at 25 degrees C as group A, or at 37 degrees C as group B. All subjects were under epidural anesthesia. Vital signs, including core temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure, were monitored immediately, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The core body temperature immediately, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours after operation were (35.8 +/- 0.5) degrees C, (35.8 +/- 0.5) degrees C, (36.0 +/- 0.5) degrees C, (36.1 +/- 0.5) degrees C in group A, and (36.5 +/- 0.4) degrees C, (36.5 +/- 0.3) degrees C, (36.5 +/- 0.3) degrees C, (36.6 +/- 0.4) degrees C in group B, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.008, P = 0.008, P = 0.03, P = 0.033, respectively). There was no difference in body temperature 4 hours and 8 hours after operation and in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure between the two groups (P > 0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The tumescent infiltration solutions at room temperature (25 degrees C) can decrease the core body temperature and increase surgical risk. It might not be good for rehabilitation. It is recommended to use tumescent infiltration solution at body temperature (37 degrees C) in liposuction.</p>